Category: Uncategorized

There are many applications of lasers in which the beam profile technology is of critical importance. When the beam profile is important, it is usually necessary to measure it to ensure that the suitable profile exists. For some lasers and applications, this may be necessary only during the design and fabrication phase of the laser. In other cases, it is necessary to monitor the laser profile continuously during the laser operation. For example, scientific applications of lasers often push the laser to its operational limits and continuous or periodic measurement of the beam profile is necessary to ensure that the laser is still operating as expected. Some industrial laser applications require periodic beam profile monitoring to liquidate scrap produced when the laser degrades. In other applications, such as some medical uses of lasers, the practitioner has no capability to tune the laser, and the manufacturers measure the beam profile in the design phase to ensure that the laser provides reliable performance at all times.

The temporal nature of a laser beam enables it to vary from a continuous wave to an extremely short pulse providing very high power densities. The coherence of a laser enables it to travel in a narrow beam with a small and well-defined divergence or spread. This allows a user to define exactly the area illuminated by the laser beam technology. Because of coherence, a laser beam can also be focused to a very small and intense spot in a highly concentrated area. This concentration makes the laser beam useful for many applications in physics, chemistry, the medical industry, and industrial applications. Laser beams technology unique irradiance profile gives it very significant characteristics. The beam profile is the pattern of irradiance that is distributed across the beam or its cross-sectional irradiance profile.
Examples of two different types of ideal laser beams technology for different purposes are a Gaussian and a flat top beam. A Gaussian beam allows the highest concentration of focused light, whereas a flat top beam allows for very uniform distribution of the energy across a given area.
Optromix Company develops and manufactures a broad variety of Fiber lasers, СО 2 lasers, Ti: Sapphire lasers, Dye lasers, and Excimer Lasers. We offer simple Erbium laser and Ytterbium laser products, as well as sophisticated laser systems with unique characteristics, based on the client’s inquiry.

High power laser diodes have been developed for applications including solid-state laser pumping, fiber laser pumping, and material processing. The spectral bandwidth of high power diodes typically spread over the range of 3-5 nm. Narrow emission spectrum in the range of 0.1-0.5 nm and a smaller wavelength tolerance can be extremely beneficial for special applications such as the spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP), which is of great importance in the field of nuclear physics , atomic physics , laser cooling and neutron scattering. A variety of external cavity techniques has been developed to narrow the spectral line width of high power diode lasers. Two types of gratings are used to form the external cavity. The diffraction grating external cavity provides a large tunable range of the center wavelength ~10 nm. Meanwhile, the volume holographic grating (VHG) external cavity has a smaller footprint with a limited tunable center wavelength range of <0.5 nm. The resonant wavelength of a VHG can be precisely tuned with temperature control. Using a thick VHG (14-18 mm) one can narrow the spectral line width down to a few GHz (7-10 GHz) with output power exceeding tens of watts.
Due to the low beam quality of high power broad-area laser diodes, it is difficult to effectively couple the laser power into a multi-mode fiber without special beam shaping treatment. High power, narrow spectral line width diode lasers are useful for optical pumping of alkali metal vapors. High power, spectral narrowed lasers with good stability are the key to the success of SEOP. However, such laser diode arrays are not the best choice for the high-efficiency optical pumping applications.
Achieving the narrow spectral linewidth that is required for a long coherence length makes for complicated and expensive lasers, although complexity and size can be somewhat reduced by going with a semiconductor laser design. Now, Optromix single frequency high power fiber Laser Irybus-SF-1030-X series offers a wide-range thermal wavelength tuning and optional active wavelength control. Irybus-SF-1030-X is a single frequency high power low noise 1030 nm – 1100 nm Yb-doped fiber laser. Its key advantage is an ultra narrow line width (<100 kHz) based on a longitudinal single mode. Irybus-SF-1030-X comes with a piezoelectric tuning, internal and external wavelength modulations at kHz bandwidth for locking purposes.

Femtosecond solid-state lasers, based on the Ti:sapphire gain medium, have revolutionized the field of ultrafast science in the past decade. Titanium-doped sapphire is a widely used transition-metal-doped gain medium for tunable lasers and femtosecond solid-state lasers. This type of fiber lasers have several advantages such as simplicity, excellent thermal conductivity, and stability. Nevertheless, researchers continue to investigate approaches to improving the performance of mode-locked solid-state lasers.
Titanium-doped sapphire (Ti:sapphire) is the most successful solid-state laser material in the near-infrared wavelength range due to its high saturation energy, large stimulated emission cross-section, and broad absorption gain bandwidths. It has been extensively developed for continuous-wave (CW) operation, ultra-short pulse generation, and high-power amplification. Moreover, Ti:sapphire technology has been successfully implemented in a different range of applications, f.e. high-intensity physics, frequency metrology, spectroscopy, as well as pumping of tunable optical parametric oscillators. Ti:sapphire has broad absorption bandwidth, due to the relatively weak absorption peak in the blue-green wavelength range. Its successful operation requires high-power blue-green pump sources. As such, Ti:sapphire lasers have been pumped with multi-watt argon-ion, copper-vapor, and most notably frequency-doubled all-solid-state green lasers, resulting in fairly bulky, complicated and expensive setups. For further advance in Ti:sapphire laser technology, it would be desirable to devise more simplified pump laser designs to reduce system complexity and cost, while maintaining or enhancing device performance with regard to all important operating parameters. СW Ti:sapphire laser pumped directly by a GaN diode laser in the blue was reported, but the limited pump powers available from diode lasers in good spatial beam quality restrict the effectiveness of this approach only to low-power CW operation. On the other hand, optically-pumped-semiconductor lasers in the green can in principle be used to pump CW Ti:sapphire laser, but limited progress has been achieved in this area so far, leaving open the need for the development of powerful alternative green sources with high spatial quality and in simple, practical all-solid-state design to pump high-power CW or mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers. Optromix Company offers second-harmonic conversion in Ti:Sapphire laser system, TIS-SF is the most efficient for CW single-frequency emission, and its linewidth in the UV to the blue-green range is ultra narrow. TIS-SF tunable laser system is equipped with an exclusive Auto Relock function, electronic control system and resonant enhancement frequency doubler which allow it to operate steadily even under external perturbations.

Infrared is usually divided into 3 spectral regions: near, mid and far-infrared. The boundaries between the near, mid and far-infrared regions are not agreed upon and can vary. The main factor that determines which wavelengths are included in each of these three infrared regions is the type of detector technology used for gathering infrared light.
Near-infrared light is transmitted and focused to the sensitive retina in the same way as visible light, while not triggering the protective blink reflex.
The short-wavelength infrared is relatively eye-safe since such light is absorbed in the eye before it can reach the retina. Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for optical fiber communications, for example, operate in that region.
The long-wavelength, infrared followed by the far infrared (FIR), which ranges to 1 mm and is sometimes understood to start at 8 μm already. This spectral region is used for thermal imaging.
The mid-infrared spectral range is understood to include wavelengths from 3 μm to 8 μm. There are many absorption lines e.g. of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O). This spectral region is interesting for highly sensitive trace gas spectroscopy.
The mid-infrared lasers are of particular interest for in-situ and remote sensing of material composition as many chemical species have absorption features in this wavelength range that are associated with molecular rotational-vibrational transitions. These include molecules such as H2O, CO2, N2O, CH4, CO, NH3, NOx, HCl, and many other compounds. Currently, in the mid-IR range, CO2, and solid-state lasers dominate in materials processing and medical treatment applications.
Recent developments in quantum-cascade laser technology, resulting in room temperature, high power, and single-mode laser sources, allow access to much stronger absorption bands of CO and CO2 in the mid-infrared lasers.
Important CO2 laser characteristics are high unsaturated gain, high-power output, and good efficiency.
Optromix InfraLight-100/200/SP are a CO2 laser demonstrates outstanding results in processing different types of materials with varied thickness. Mid-infrared CO2 lasers operate in a quasi-sealed operation mode, a gas mixture ensures the extended lifetime of the laser. We offer the most effective CO2 lasers with minimum maintenance required, which can be used for a wide range of applications, including marking, engraving non-metallic surface, holding in circuit boards, surface cleaning, and laser for LIDAR. Moreover, it produces laser wavelength important for spectroscopy, specifically IR spectroscopy.
In Optromix, we aim to provide the best experience to our customers, and we will configure your laser system exactly according to your requirements.

In the past ten years, the generation of DUV radiation by solid-state lasers, including fiber lasers, has been extensively studied. Deep-UV light sources have a wide range of applications. Because shorter-wavelength light has higher photon energy, the photon energy of deep ultraviolet light sources is high enough to kill bacteria and viruses and decompose harmful stable substances, such as dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which have caused serious environmental problems all over the world. Therefore, deep-UV light sources are used in water purification, sterilization, and environmental protection equipment. In addition, since the focal point of light decreases with decreasing wavelength, deep ultraviolet light sources have potential for use in high-density optical data recording and nanofabrication technology. Furthermore, they are also expected to be used in medical procedures and analytical instruments.
Most DUV fiber lasers used are gas light sources, such as mercury lamps or excimer lasers. They contain toxic substances, which cause serious environmental problems, and are large in size and low in efficiency and reliability. Moreover, the emission wavelengths are fixed at 254 nm for mercury lamps and 193 nm for ArF excimer lasers.
New laser sources operating in the deep-ultraviolet (DUV) range (the wavelength region below 300 nm) can help to streamline industrial and scientific applications. For example, state-of-the-art semiconductor lithography and inspection are currently performed using somewhat-expensive pulsed excimer lasers at 193 nm. Actinic inspection of exposed wafers—that is, inspection at the exposure wavelength  can benefit from continuous-wave light sources.On the scientific side, applications include angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), where researchers need high photon energies for the measurement of large portions of the Brillouin zone of new materials. In addition, new applications are emerging in the field of Raman spectroscopy, such as protein structural analysis and Raman spectroscopy beyond the solar background.
In quantum technology, tunable DUV lasers are used for high-resolution spectroscopy and laser cooling. For instance, atomic clocks can be improved considerably with direct access to optical transitions in aluminum or mercury ions, and one can possibly realize nuclear optical clocks with thorium in the near future
Optromix Company has the unique development DUV Magius fiber laser with central wavelength 257.5 nm. UV CW 257.5 nm single-frequency Magius fiber laser is developed specifically for fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) writing. Optromix fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) writing workstation is based on the fourth Ytterbium laser harmonic. If you would like to buy UV CW 257.5 nm single-frequency Magius fiber laser or fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) writing workstation, please Contacts at: info@optromix.com or +1 617 558 98 58
 

There are literally more than 10,000 types of lasers developed by today. Most of them are developed only in a laboratory, but some found very broad applications.
Fiber lasers are an interesting class of solid state lasers. Active media are the core of rare-earth (Er, Yb etc.) doped fiber. Pump light can be in the core or the cladding. Fiber lasers can be very compact and rugged. They are becoming very popular with the advent of suitable diode pumps. Since the fiber core is very small, threshold pump power is a few orders of magnitude less as compared to the bulk case. Since core-pumping requires high spatial quality lasers, diode bars and arrays cannot be used. This limits the pump power. To resolve this problem, high power fiber lasers use pumping from the cladding of the fiber. Cladding pumped Nd and Yb doped fiber can yield ~10 W output power.
Single-frequency sources are also attractive because they can be used for driving resonant enhancement cavities, e.g. for nonlinear frequency conversion, and for coherent beam combining. Typical applications of single-frequency lasers occur in the areas of optical metrology and interferometry, optical data storage, high-resolution spectroscopy (e.g. LIDAR), and optical fiber communications. In some cases such as spectroscopy, the narrow spectral width of the output is directly important. In other cases, such as optical data storage, a low-intensity noise is required, thus the absence of any mode beating noise.
The unique characteristics of ultrafast lasers, such as picosecond and femtosecond lasers, have opened up new avenues in materials processing that employ ultrashort pulse widths and extremely high peak intensities. Thus, ultrafast lasers are currently used widely for both fundamental research and practical applications. Surface processing includes micromachining, micro- and nanostructuring, and nano-ablation, while volume processing includes two-photon polymerization and three-dimensional (3D) processing within transparent materials.
Tunable wavelength laser arrays find wide applications in fiber-optic networks, broadband sensors, biotechnology and medicine diagnostics due to their wide tuning range and stable lasing operation.
 
CO2 laser is one of the most powerful. It is used very commonly for «hardcore» materials processing like cutting and welding. Lasing action results from transitions between vibrational levels of CO2 .CO2 lasers are typically RF discharge pumped. They can operate pulsed or CW. They are mostly used in industry and medicine, where high powers are needed.
Gas lasers, laser diodes, and solid-state lasers can be manufactured to emit ultraviolet rays, and lasers are available which cover the entire UV range. The strongest ultraviolet lines are at 337.1 nm and 357.6 nm,wavelength. Ultraviolet lasers have applications in industry (laser engraving), medicine (dermatology, and keratectomy), chemistry (MALDI), free air secure communications, computing (optical storage) and manufacture of integrated circuits.
Ti:Sapphire is the most widely used tunable and mode-locked solid-state laser. It has a bandwidth of about 400 nm, centered at 800 nm. Emissions result from 3d transitions. No diodes are available at this wavelength. This is the main drawback of Ti:Sapphire. Dye lasers use solutions of organic dyes as active media. Solvents can be alcohol, glycerol or water. Due to the large wavelength range, dye lasers are used in many scientific spectroscopic applications. They are also used in medicine for retinopathy and curing dermatological diseases.
Optromix Company provides all types of mentioned lasers and can produce lasers to an individual order for each customer.
 

Quasi-continuous-wave (quasi-CW) operation of a laser means that its pump source is switched on only for certain time intervals, which are short enough to reduce thermal effects significantly, but still long enough that the laser process is close to its steady state, i.e. the laser is optically in the state of continuous-wave operation. The duty cycle may be, e.g., a few percent, thus strongly reducing the heating and all the related thermal effects, such as thermal lensing and damage through overheating. Therefore, quasi-CW operation allows the operation with higher output peak powers at the expense of a lower average power.
A quasi-continuous-wave operation is most often used with diode bars and diode stacks. Such devices are sometimes even designed specifically for quasi-CW operation: their cooling arrangement is designed for a smaller heat load, and the emitters can be more closely packed in order to obtain a higher brightness and beam quality. Compared with an ordinary continuous-wave operation, additional lifetime issues can result from the quasi-CW operation, related e.g. to higher optical peak intensities or to frequent temperature changes. Some doped-insulator solid-state lasers are also operated in quasi-cow operation. Such lasers are sometimes called heat capacity lasers.
Vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) coherent light has been proposed for different applications, as optical data storage, metrology, biomedical application, fundamental spectroscopic research, and laser lithography. Conventional coherent VUV laser sources at this wavelength are excimer lasers. These lasers generate a high output power of more than 100 W, however, their structures are huge and complex. Moreover, high manufacturing and maintenance costs are required. The low repetition rate (usually several kHz) of such excimer laser systems also restricts the applicability of many shot statistics during data acquisition in spectroscopic measurements. The development of coherent radiation with high-repetition-rate (quasi-continuous wave) or continuous wave (CW) in VUV has to be based on the frequency conversion or exploitation of new laser materials. At present, the later is a more challenging topic and the former is the unique way to generate VUV laser light with the high-repetition-rate or continuous wave. Generally, techniques for optical frequency conversion for generating short wavelength light are the second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG) process.
 

The main structure element for generating femtosecond light pulses are lasers. Within two decades after the laser development  the duration of the shortest pulse fall by six orders of magnitude from the nanosecond to the femtosecond regime. Nowadays femtosecond pulses in the range of 10 fs and below can be generated directly from compact and reliable laser oscillators. With the help of some simple comparisons, the incredibly fast femtosecond time scale can be put into perspective. For example, on a logarithmic time scale, one minute is approximately halfway between 10 fs and the age of the universe. Taking the speed of light in vacuum into account, a 10 fs light pulse can be considered as a 3 µm thick slice of light whereas a light pulse of one-second span approximately the distance between earth and moon. It is also useful to realize that the fastest molecular vibrations in nature have an oscillation time of about 10 fs. It is the unique attributes of these light pulses that open up new frontiers both in basic research and for applications. The ultrashort pulse duration, for example, allows freezing the motion of electrons and molecules by making use of pump-probe techniques that work similar to strobe light techniques.
A bandwidth-limited pulse (also called  transform limited pulse) is a pulse of a wave that has the minimum possible duration for a given spectral bandwidth. Optical pulses of this type can be generated mode-locked lasers. Transform-limited pulses have a constant phase across all frequencies making up the pulse. The length of a pulse thereby is determined by its complex spectral components, which include not just their relative intensities, but also the relative positions of these spectral components. For different pulse shapes, the time-bandwidth product is different.
A transform limited laser pulse can only be kept together if the dispersion of the medium the wave is travelling through is zero; otherwise, dispersion management is needed to revert the effects of unwanted spectral phase changes. For example, when an ultrashort laser pulse passes through a block of glass, the glass medium broadens the pulse due to group velocity dispersion.
Ultrafast lasers have been of increasing interest in material processing applications due to their capability of precise micromachining of a large variety of materials: metals, semiconductors, polymers, dielectrics, biological materials, etc.

At the present day, many types of spectroscopic techniques are available to researchers. Standard spectroscopy, such as absorption and emission spectroscopy, is linear and uses one incident light beam. In this case, the observed light interactions have a tendency to be weak and the spectra produced can be indefinite.
Nonlinear spectroscopy, such as Coherent  Raman Scattering and Stimulated Raman Scattering, uses two or more light beams. Many nonlinear spectroscopic techniques can vary the lights optical parameters such as its amplitude, frequency, polarization and phase.
There are several advantages of using nonlinear techniques. Nonlinear spectroscopy uses multiple sources of light, meaning more information is obtained from samples tested using a nonlinear technique.
Nonlinear spectroscopy can be used to study interfacial and surface processes. It can be used to study interactions in areas of the electromagnetic spectrum not accessible to linear spectroscopic methods. Nonlinear spectroscopy is also useful for studying dynamic processes and can be used to understand nanoparticles and their unique optical properties.
Raman spectroscopy provides information about molecular vibrations that can be used for sample identification and quantitation. The technique involves shining a monochromatic light source (i.e. laser) on a sample and detecting the scattered light.
Laser wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet through visible to near infrared can be used for Raman spectroscopy. The choice of laser wavelength has an important impact on experimental capabilities.

1. Sensitivity. For example, an infra-red laser results in a decrease in scattering intensity by a factor of 15 or more, when compared with blue/green visible lasers.
2. Spatial resolution. Thus, the achievable spatial resolution is partially dependent on the choice of the laser.
3. Optimization of resulting based on sample behavior.  For example Blue or green lasers can be good for inorganic materials and resonance Raman experiments and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Red or near infra-red (660-830 nm) are good for fluorescence suppression. Ultraviolet lasers for resonance Raman on biomolecules and fluorescence suppression.

Raman spectroscopy is used in many varied fields – in fact, any application where non-destructive, microscopic, chemical analysis and imaging is required.  Whether the goal is qualitative or quantitative data, Raman analysis can provide key information easily and quickly.  It can be used to rapidly characterize the chemical composition and structure of a sample, whether solid, liquid, gas, gel, slurry or powder.

Fiber lasers are used for material processing applications such as cutting and welding in the automotive, manufacturing, heavy industry, and consumer electronic sectors. They are also being used for medical applications. Apart from the mentioned, fiber laser source is used for marking and engraving components for better traceability and for removing product falsification and inventory management. Nowadays, companies have become more careful about the quality of the laser delivered to the process.  The quality of the laser is usually measured on the laser source. Most laser sources will be integrated into a system being used for a specific process, set of processes, or applications. That system can consist of optics and mechanical components used to shape, resize, and deliver the laser energy in many different ways, depending on how the laser is applied. In sum, the laser light from that source can interact with several different components, each having an effect on its quality.
Researchers of market forecast that the global fiber laser market to increase at a CAGR of 15.81% during the period 2016-2020. A new trend in the fiber laser market is the development of ribbon-core fiber laser light source. Researchers have developed ribbon-core fiber lasers to increase the fiber laser output radically while keeping the beam quality. Ribbon-core fiber lasers are produced by a line of doped silica rods surrounded by undoped rods to increase the beam quality. The refractive index of the central ribbon core is high, which helps focus the light. These fiber lasers source can produce high levels of power without getting thermally damaged.
A key market driver is the increased use of fiber lasers in materials processing. The flexibility of using a wide range of materials and the advantages of using lasers over other conventional processes have made them the first choice for many materials processing applications such as metal welding, plastic welding, and brazing mostly in automotive engineering, cladding or repair welding, and cutting of metals for the machine tooling, automobile, and medical sectors. Fiber lasers sources are solid-state and offer high solid-state reliability and convenience. Materials processing involves chemical or mechanical steps for product manufacturing across industries such as automotive, general manufacturing, heavy industry, aerospace, and electronics.